Raymond J. Pool, Field Notes, 1912, Part 4
Field Notes, 1912
Hydromatic Readings in Cherry Co. Lakes. 1912
Hackberry Lake — July 11, 1912
- Water edge of Phragmites 998.5:28.0° — 3 ft.
- Scirpus bayou 998.5:29.0 — 1 ft.
- Myriophyllum W. end 998.5:29.0 — 1 ft.
- Open, S. side 998.5:29.0 — 1 ft.
- Short Scirpus, S. side 998.5:28.0 — 1 ft.
- South side, open 998.0:27.0 — 1 ft.
- ” ” ” 998.5:27.0 — 1 ft.
- N. Nympahaea 998.5:28.0 — 1 ft.
- East End 998.5:29.0 — 1 ft.
- N. side open near Potamageton 10021.5:18.0 — surface
- E. end open 1002.0:20.0 — "
Small Pond 1/4 mi. S. Big Alkali.
1003.0:27.5 — surface
Big Alkali — 995.9:29.5— "
Visual Societies in Sand Hills
- Lathyrus omatus (inc incanus)
- Prunus melancarpa
- Prunus besseyi
- Ribes aureum
- Carex — (Dismal River) moist pocket flats
- Antennaria campestris (?) community
Batrachium circinatum- Castellia sessiliflora (Dismal)
- Carex pennsylvanica (uplands — with Grasses & Muhlenbergia)
- Arogalus lambertii
- Penstemon acimatus
- Lesquerella argentea
- Eriophorum gracile
- Festuca octoflora
- Dodeoctheon readicatum
- Plantago eriopoda
Aestival Societies (1st. week in June)
- Ceanothus ovatus (esp. in South)
- Ipomoea leptophylla? (west)
- Amorpha canescens
- Prosalea micrantha (June 10)
- Scirpus americanus (June 5)
- Batrachium — Myriophyllum
- Amorpha fruticosa
- Polygonum amphibium
- Froelichia floridana community
- Monarda citriodora “
- Ratibida columnaris “
- Psoralea argophylla “
- Ratibida columnaris “
Rudbeckia hirta
Sand Collectors
Muhlenbergia pungens
Salsola tragus
Artemsia filifolia
Lathyrus omatus
Andropogon hallii
Psoralea micrantha
Rumex vevosus
Rosa arkansana
Penstemon hayden
Yucca glauca
Meriolix serrulata
Phlox douglasii
Prunus besseyi
Sand Binders
Redfieldia flexmosa
Calamovilfa longifolia
Eragrostis trichodes
Psoralea micrantha
Phaca longifolia
Muhlenbergia pungens
Penstemon haydeni
Alfalfa Culture in Sand Hills
Many good fields of this crop are seen. There should be much more sown. Has been shown that it can be grown readily. Good fields at Gandy, Tryon, Garden Co. Angora, Alliance, Seneca, Mullen.
Use dry valleys, or gentle north slopes where wind not especially strong. Be careful not to put it on too wet soil. Best method of putting it in not yet determined. All manners and methods used from broadcasting to drilling in with press drill and in rows wide enought apart so that the crop can be cultivated — At Seneca one man had good success by sowing it broadcast with corn.
Literature
Rydberg — Flora of Sand Hills
Pond elements— Phytogeog. Nebr.
Bates —Psoe. Soc. Am. For.
Kellog — Forest Belts between Kan. & Nebr.
The Number of Species of Various Families in the Sand Hills
Monocots: No Tot. Pec.
Alismaceae 2
Naiadaceae 16
Typhaceae 2
Aroidaceae 1
Lemnaceae 5 22 10
Graminaceae 119 119 20
Cyperaceae 51 51 16
Liliaceae 13
Pontedriaceae 0
Counclinaeae 2
Hydrophyllaceae 1
Amaryllidceae 0
Iridaceae 1
Orchidaceae 6 23 5
215 51
Dicots:
Ranunculaceae 16
Menispermaecea 1
Nympaceae 1
Papaveraceae 1
Cruciferaceae 15
Copparidaceae 4
Cistaceae 2
Violaceae 3
Polygalaecae 3 46 3
Caryophyllaceae 7 0 0
Portulacaceaceae 2
Ficoidaceae 1
Nystaqinaceae 4
Glecetraceae 1
Amaranthaceae 6
Chenepodiaceae 14
Polygonaceae 26 61 14
Hypericaceae 5
Euphorbiaceae 12
Malvaceae 3
Tiliaceae 1
Usticaeceae 9
Ceratophyllaceae 1 30 3
Linaceae 1
Zygophyllaceae
Geraniaceae 4
Rutaceae 1
Elaeaguaceae 1
Celartraceae 2
Rhammaceae 4
Vitaceae 2
Sapnidaceae 1
Anacardiaceae 3 20 2
Leguminorae 57 57 2
Rosaceae 23 23 3
Saxifragaceae 4
Cranulaceae 1
Haloshigidaceae 3
Lythraceae 2
Ongiaceae 18 28 3
Loasaceae 2
Cactaceae 5
Umbelliferae 16
Araliaceae 1
Cornaceae 4 28 3
Ericaeceae 1
Plantaginaceae 3
Prunuslaceae 4 8 1
Oleaceae 1
Apocynaceae 1
Asclepiadaceae 13
Gentianaceae 4 19 3
Polemouiaceae 3
Hydrophyllaceae 1
Boraguiaceae 7
Convolvulaceae 7
Solanaceae 7 25 3
Scrophulanaceae 18
Orobanchaceae 2
Lentibulanaceae 1
Pedaliaceae 1 22 5
Verbenaceae 7
Labiataceae 20 27 5
Caprifoliaceae 3
Rubiaceae 7
Campanulaceae 9
Ascusbitaceae 2 21 5
Compositae 125 125 32
540 88
Totals: Moncots. 215 51
Dicots. 540 88
735 139
Societies
Prunus besseyi assocciation
Symphoricarpos association
Prunus association
Amorpha association
Salix humilis association
Ceanthus ovatus association
Rosa association
S
Sand Hills Formations.
I. Upland Formations
1. The Bunch — Grass Formation
1)The Blow-out and Sand-draw Association
2)The Muhlenbergia — Yucca Association
3) The Andropogon — Yucca Association
2. The Short Grass Formation
1) The Bouteloua — Bulbilis Association
2) The Wire Grass Association
3)
3. The Woodland Formation
1) Eastern Scriduous Association
2) Western Coniferous Association
4. Cultural and Ruderal Vegetation
II. Lowland Formations
1. The Water Plant Formation
1) The Pondweed Association
2) The Water Lily Association
3) The Water Crowfoot Association
4) The Stonewaort — Naias asscociation
2. The Marsh Formation
1) The Reed — Grass Rush Associatoin
2) The Smartweed Association
3) The Water Hemlock Association
3. the Wet Meadow Formation
1)The Rush Meadow Association
2) The Fern Meadow Association
3) The Hay Meadow Association
4. The Spring — Branch Formation
Form of Thesis
A study of the Vegetation of the Sand Hills of Nebraska
- Historical — previous study
- Area, and position in reference to state
- Topography and geology (vertical section)
- Climate and soil conditions
- The plant formations — root habits
- Forestation
- Grazing and agriculture
- Summary
- Bibliography
- Halftones
Illustrations:
1. Halftones — habitats & associations
2. Line etchings
1) Quadrats — transects
2) Topographic maps
3) Other maps — associations etc.
3. Tables & curves
Ecological environment of a sanday soil (see Gleason p 34, & Cockayne p)
Number of Species Collected 1912
30 IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII
60 IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII
90 IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII
120 IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII
150 IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII
180 IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII
210 IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII
240 IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII
270 IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII
300 IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII
330 IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII
360 IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII IIIII II
Species Killed for Ecology Class
- Celastrus scandens (shade)
- Celastrus scandens (sun) H
- Hymenopappus filifolius Z
- Andropogon hallii Z
- Prunus besseyi Z
- Amorpha canescens (sun)
- Amorpha canescens (shade)
- Lacinaria squarrosa Z
- Lathyrus ornatus Z
- Tradescantia occidentalis Z
- Tradescantia occidentalis (stems)
- Lithospernum gruelini Z
- Prunus melanocarpa (shade)
- Typha latifolia H
- Alisma plantago aquatica H
- Rumex venosus Z
- Redfieldia flexuosa Z
- Alisma (fl. axis) H
- Yucca glauca Z
- Psoralea cuspidata
- Phaca longifolia Z
- Psoralea lanceolata Z
- Salix longifolia
- Fraximus lanceolata (sun)
- Fraximus lanceolata (shade)
- Prunus melanocarpa (sun)
- Crataegus occidentalis (shade)
- Crataegus occidentalis (sun)
- Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
- Salix hummilis
- Penstemon gracilis
- Phrysma leptostachya M
2
Ecology Material (cont)
33. Vagnera stellata (shade) M
34. Circaea lutetiana M
35. Helianthus scaperrimus Z
36. Talinum teretifolium
37. Nymphae advena — petioles H
38. ” ” — peduncle
39. ” ” leaves
40. Potamogeton natans. fl. lvs. H
41. Potamogeton richardsonii — em. lvs. H
42. Potamogeton zosterafolius — em. lvs.
43. Myriophyllum spicatum — stems H
44. Thomaca leptophylla — lvs. 2 Z
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
Bot. 21 — 22
I. Ecological Anatomy
1. Roots
2. Stems — lab.
3. Leaves — lab.
4. Reproduction
II. Ecological Classification
1. Hydro — Nero — etc.
2. Formations, associations, etc.
3. Instrumentation
III. Phytogoraphy
1. Of North America
2. Of Nebraska
3. Prepare maps and charts
Autumn Field Trips
1. Collect leaf & stem types
2. Observe and collect disseminules
3. Observe fruits
4. Observe associations
5. Observe vegetation forms
6. Observe frost injury
7. Competition and drought
8. List Xero — Meso — Hydros
9. Ecological Herbarium — “Habitat Herbarium”
C.A. Pickerel — Mumper (Ellsworth)
Ida May — 2
Gleeta Ustis — 5
Susan Evelaine — 12
Herman Arthur — 14
Grandma — 86
Topics for papers
1. The Sand Hills — a Misunderstood Region
2. In Kinstead Land
3. Bunch Grass and Blowouts
4.
J. 10 Mrs. Co, dinner
Botany 34-35
1. Chart
2. Key & formulae for autumn plants
3. Seed Production
4. Dissemination
5. Distribution
6. Brief outline of physiology (with epts)
7. ” ” ” ecology
8. Dealers in supplies
9. Herbarium making
10. Literature for High Schools
11. Botanical center
12.
Instruments
1. Soil Borers — (Briggs
1.) B. & L. #16536 — 525
2.) American
3.) Geotomes
2. Field balance and weights to mg.
3. Soil cans (Am. Can. co. St. Paul
4. Soil Thermometers
1.) Plain and (Green 12″)
2.) Special 700 — 1900
5. Air Thermometers 250 — 350
6. Max. & Min. thermometers 825
7. Draper Thermograph 3000
8. Draper Psychiograph 3000
9. Atmometer
1.) Calibrated (Pische)
2.) Porous cup
10. Cog psychometer 700
11. Standard Anemometer 2500
12. Clinometer
13. Quadrat tapes (white)
14. Quadrat stakes — 24″
15. shovel
16. Calibrated vials (for transpiration)
17. Record blanks
1.) Water blanks
2.) Humidity
3.) Temperature (size max. & min.)
18. Soil Drier
Adaptations
1. Xerophytic adaptations of Apacynum hypericifolium
J.H. Schaffues. O. Nat. 10:184 Jan ’10
2. The realation of hairy and cutinized coverings to transpiration.
K.M. Wiegand Bot. Gaz. 49:430. Jun ’10.
Biological Factors
1. Fire as a Biological Factor
J.C. Blumes Pr. World 13:42 F. '10
2. An animal factor in Plant Distribution
J.C. Blumes Pt. World 13:16 Jan '10
Arid Habitats Drought Resistance
1. Physiologically arid habitats and drought resistance in Plants
A. Dachmouski Bot. Gaz. 49:32 M '10
Atmometers Vapaorimeters
1. A simple vaporimeter
E.N. Nauseau Bot. Gaz. 49:459, J ’10
2. Operation fo Porous cup Atmometer
B.E. Livingston Pt. World 13:111 M. ’10.
3. Literature of evaporation
Grace J. Livingston Mont. W. Rev. 1908-1909
4. A Rain correcting Atmometer for Ecological Instrumentation
B.E. Livingston Pt. World 13:29 '10.
5. Evaporation and Plant Development
R.E.L.Pt. World 10:269—’07.
Instrument Dealers
1. Frederick Carl
631 G St. N.W. Washington
2. H.J. Green
1191 Bedford Ave. Brooklyn
3. Julien P. Iniez
107 E. German St. Baltimore
Plant Temperatures - effect of leaf modifications -
Kerver and Oliver
Nat. Hist. I:313
Soil Moisture Studies
1. Water content on dry weight
2. Water holding capacity
3. Non—available water
1.) Greenhouse work
2.) Several eachs of S. H. sand
3.) Collect seeds in summer
4.) Run some pots at Halsey
Plant Temperatures
1. Especially in blowouts —
2. Effect of:
1.) Hairy leaves vs. cutunized & wavey leaves.
2. Fleshy thick & thin leaves
3.) Time required to dry out when in sun.
3. Kerver and Oliver—
Sand Hill Grasses
Calamagrostis confissis
Eragrostis caroliniana
Panicum dichatomum
" wilcoxianum
Sieglingia purpurea
Aristada gracilis
Sporobolus gracilis
Sporobolus neglectus
Agropyron caninum
Scolochloa festucacea
Catabrosa aquatica
Elymus macounii
May 19
Left Gandy 80 M for the Dismal
Auto Faxes
'55 - 50% act. val 200 - 12.25
'54 - " 445 - 24.50
'52 965 11.86
'51 1105 47.28
































