The Program the Reds Can't Fight

Item

derivative filename/jpeg

363-04805.pdf

Digital Object Identifier

363-04805

Title

The Program the Reds Can't Fight

Description

Article published in the New York Herald Tribune about American-sponsored pig farming in rural Vietnam, page 2

Date

1965, Jun. 4

Subject

United States--Relations--Vietnam (Republic); United States--Economic assistance--Vietnam (Republic); United States. Agency for International Development; Swine

Location

Saigon, South Vietnam

Coordinates

10.8231; 106.6311

Container

B4, F6

Format

newspaper clippings

Collection Number

MS 363

Collection Title

Beverly Deepe Keever, Journalism Papers

Creator

Keever, Beverly Deepe

Copyright Information

These images are for educational use only. To inquire about usage or publication, please contact Archives & Special Collections.

Publisher

Archives & Special Collections, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries

Language

English

extracted text

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The Program the Reds Cafi'tFight
DN1pite 1'if- f Cong terrorism , gove1·nmr11 t
corru,ption a,nd the :1hortiright edn e.~s nf U. S.
political strategy, there arr som e A mericansponsored programir in 8011th V iet Na.m
w hi.th halle hn,di bPnP-ffoinl i mpart . O,ne of

them -is a whitP 71i_a rf.i.~t r i/11ition wn_aram :
~

the ,st11,ol:;s}. r, -1 >it 1, ( 1111rt c.if.h~n l
rxperimental stat.ion.~. hz thi., ln .~t o,f a
six-part stwies , t h, Herald Tr,'/)1 1 nr',o, Re1·crly
Detpe rPportir nn o;, r of ff,,,_ hrightrr sides
of the C S. i11 vo l rcmr ,1l in s,mt h Viet N am.
1

By

Beverly Deepe

A Special Correspondent

SAIGON .
Th.111 111 the story o! t he three lit tle pigs of Viet Nam.

tlon~ for Improving Mee fee d (which some Vietnamese
prefer to eat rath~ than -uae !or aeedl.ng).
Recently, Vietnamese ,agricultural •rents conducted
th ree- day cour&f's on lmitoved farmln1r technique& for
farmers during the slack. seuon Twenty plutnla <30 cents) .
was given the farmers !or lttnches "a.nd that really had &n
im pact," one American a ~ltUI'11.l expert e.xpla
. ined. "It
wll:S·

p art

c:,t

-oni· --pru,ifk :rtr:w.;

l)::-o@ Paffl .

:Sin U . . ~ O'ttt".s

even welcomed the agents into their areas t o help ttw!lr
far mers ."
In anot h~r lm tance, Vietnamese eovernment adminis tra tors have Implemented a credit-loan system whereby
farmers can buy !ert1llzer before the rice planting and
repay t he loan after harvest. Production h as more than
doubled in some areas . In other areu small irrigation
pumps h ave been bought on loan, making possible t wo or
three crops ot rice a year instead of . only one.

FERTILIZER ON CREDIT

The Viet Cong retort th&t the fertilizer w!ll desvoy the
It a one o! the most visibly effective Am erkan-spon- ·
snll; that in t he first year of using fertilizer, production will
sored programs In r ural Viet Nam against which the
incre ase but in futur e years it will drop ; that the governCommunist Viet Cong g uer,·ill as h ave many arguments
ment wili double t he pricl's when it comes to paying the
but n o real answer.
loan. or th at the government will make the farmers dependent on the fe rt ilizer year after year and then skyrocke t
In early 1962, Amnlcan p:-ovlncial representative~ of
the Ageru;y for Inte:nati onal Development I AIDl be11:an
the prices,
"The poor Vietnamese !armrr, who ha.~ a lot o! superdistributing improved white p igs from t he Mekong Delta
throughout t he entire countryside .
stition an d 110 knowledge of ch emicals. is In the dark ," an
American techn ician said . "The Viet Cong play on t he
The program called for a package deal in which t>lght
farmer 's past Jack of faith In the government."
b ag11 of cement would be ~i ven to build a combination pig
American-supported r ural economic aid I~ scattered
sty-compost pit while three Improved plga and American
in the secure "oil spots" 1n each of Viet Nam's 45 provlnceB,
surplu., corn would be Jent to the farmer.
which at times undercuts the impact that it has h ad nationOne of the pigs would later be marketed, which would
wide.
repay the entire $50 cost o! the venture; the others would
The Communist-Initiated war ha11 produced an ecobe kept for breeding.
nomic deterioration and 80Clal upheaval In the countryside.
"The pigs h ad a fantastic impact," one American
Young farmers are drafted lrutead of p lanting rice . Large
agricultural t echmd an explained. "The farmers fo llowed
tracts of land are abandoned because of Vie-t Cong pressure.
t he old Chinese custom a nd washed t heir pl&!! daily. Some
11.nd other large tracts, now uncultivated, could be developed
of them put red r ibbons around the ears of t he pigs. AlInto excellent fanning land.
most all th e pigs became pei s for t he children.
Despi!A- this, the standard o! li ving has im pro ved durin!l'
the last 10 years. Ten years ago. a bicyrl r was n 11t.atuii
BUT WHY CEMENT?
• symbol; n ow motor scootera, bicycles and busses are rl'g"Of course, we had a few problems. Some of thl' Vietu!Rrl,· seen in the countryside.
The nation-wine statistics on education &re also lmpresn amese farmers had never even &een cement be!orP. and
~lvE' . In 1955 , 329,000 pup\111 attended elementary public
t hey didn't understand why t hey should h ave a cementschools. In 1964 , the number had Increased t.o 1.5 million.
floored p ig s ty and compost pit when for centuries they had
In 1964 alone . 900 new rural schools were built and
moved t he pig waste out on the ground.
"Some of the !armers moved their cots into the com1.000 elementary education teachers were trained . A total
P<)l!t pit. Some of them put tbe pigs 1n their hoU!'M and
of • .OOO rural schools was built in the decade .
In 1955 , there were 2,900 university st udents In Viet
moved their famil!es into the pi11: s ty. After ali, 1t was
Nam . By 1964 , the nu mber had Increased to 20,000 . with a
better t han their dirt-floored houses.
"SOme of t he farmers put Liled roofs 011 the pig sty
new university csti,,blished In the northern provinces . More
with curlteuea like ancient Chinese temples. They became
i han 2,500 Vietnamese students anrt technicians have been
the new statu.s symbols in t he villages. We n ever could unsent to America through AID progr11,ms for advanced
derstand why they made them so elaborate .
degrees .
''Then , o! course.. the most profitable t ime to sell the
Howrver, the population grow th Is 2.8 pr r cent ye11,rly.
pig I& when he's about one year old," he continued. "But
In the rural he.a lth field, Vietnamese villagers often
the Vietnamese let the pigs get fatter and fatter and sell
1'\nd it difficult to understand what has been prevented-them only when t hey need the money. They use the pi~gy
such a~ cholera epidemics or malaria . During the last six
as a living bank."
yoors, however, the Amerlcan-ba ~kcd $12 mill!on malarlaHe explained that at flrgt t he rlcher v!llage !amilie&
eradlcat1on program, part of a worldwide effort, ha.5
1ot the pigs, or the friends of the local Vietnamese governdropped known malaria cases from 7.2:1 per cent to leSl!
ment agricultural technicians . Now- three years and 40 .000
t ha:1 1 per cent.
pigs later-"the pigs ha.ve 1eeped into all levels o! the
SPRAYING OF HOMES
villarea," he said.
"The neighbors buy little pigs :from t he n,st family to
More than one mllllon Vietnamese farm homes are
have them. In one northern city, two years ago you wouldn't.
b~lng sprayed twice a year More than six mlllion perso:u
see one improved pig a day come through the slaughter
have been directly affected by t he spraying. The Viet Cong
house. Now about one-thlrd of a day's production ls the
propaii;andlsts told the v!llagers the spray would cause t heir
improved breed."
thatched roofs t.o crumbie or would !till their cats a nd
He explained that the Viet Cong political cadre
chickens.
attempted to sabota,e the program by tell!ng t he farmers
"The Viet Cong say thr !armers don't have enough
that It was 11, "giveaway program" rather than a loan, so
cat3 to eat all the re.ts," one An1e rlcan medical expert exthat the farmers would not m&ke repayment to the govern. plained, "and the rats eat rice. They use this argument
ment. SO far, the rate o! repayment has been low, but in
when there's a poor crop of rice and a good crop of ratsmost cases the 18-month deadline !or repayment has not
and It's very effective with the pi>asants ,"
The malaria rate has dropped t:J the extent that medibeen reached.
cal experts simply keep tabs on it by collecting blood
.samples.
"The Viet Cong spread the word that the Americana
"The pl,g program doesn't make the !armer pro-governwere collecting Vienamese blood to give to the wounded
ment or pro-Viet Cong,'' the technician explained. ''But it
Americans," t he medical expert continued ."This even hapdoes elQ)C)Se h1m. to the sovernment cad.re, to the governpened o n the out.skirts o! Saigon. One American educament admin18trat!on and to an Amefl.can veterinarian.
tional lecturer started to give a lecture on the taking of
Maybe th1a la the first time 1n the farmer's life that the
t hese blood samples for malaria control; suddenly all th e
JOYernment has done l!Omething to help Wm. So gradually,
mamas and little kids started throwing rocks at him .
it creates 11, better feelln&' for the government.
"The police had to escort him oulr-all because o! that
"The Viet Colli do not steal the pigs, and we have lost
outlandish Viet Cong propaganda. But Vietnamese people
very few ot our pig hamlets to the Viet Cong."
don 't like to give blood; they are supel'stlt!ous about tt,.at
In addition to the J)ir · program, Vietnamese agrlculand lt'a very strange to them."
taral technJeiana, aul.ste4 by .Americans, have 11,lso 1tarted
More than 8,000 rural bee.1th workers &re currently
IR'Cll'nlma t.o improff duckl, c hickens and cattle and to
operatln&' in t h e Vietnamese country11lde. Nine gleamina
. »remote a wider cliatr1blltion of water buftaloea, which are
whlte lllll'eical 6Ultea, costlnr $500 ,000 each, have been es,_., to pull Uae f ~era' plon.
tablished throU&hout the country and are st affed by Ameri, CXhet .ci.n,_m h&ve est&bllahed ezpertmental ,tacans, Fillpin011, New Zealanders, .Australians and Italians.

REPAYMENTS


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