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derivative filename/jpeg
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363-07384 to 363-07391.pdf
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Digital Object Identifier
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363-07384 to 363-07391
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Title
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Seventh article in the "Why Vietnam" series
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Description
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Seventh of a seven article series called "Why Vietnam" analyzing the importance of the Vietnam War in world politics. This article focuses on agricultural aid, for the New York Herald Tribune
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AI Usage Disclosure
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Draft transcripts were automatically generated via Google Document AI and are currently under review. Please report significant errors to Archives & Special Collections at archives@unl.edu.
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Transcript
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sorios-article 7 of 7 article sosios
Day 19, 1965
page 1
BAIGCChis is the story of the three little
pige of Vietnam. It is one of the most visibly effective,
American-sponsored programs in rural Viot flan, to which the
Communist Viet Cong guerrillas have many argumento, but no
zoal anowo12+
In early 1962, American provincial representatives
for the Agency for International Development (AID) began
distributing or improved white pige from the Holong Delta
throughout the entire countryside. She program called for
a paoliage deal in which eight bage of conont vould be givon
to build a combination pig sty-compost-pit, while three
improved pigo and American ourplus comm would be loomed to
the farcos. One of the pigo would latos bo narkotod, which
would repoy the entire $50 coat of tho vonturo; the others
would be kept for brooding.
9
"The pigo had a fantastic impact," one Anorican
agricultural technicol explained casually: "The farcero
followed the old Chinese custon--and daily unched their pige
Sono of them put rod ribbons around the ear of the pic..
Almost all of then became a pot for the childson..
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deopo
corico-article 7 of? articlo corico
paco 2
"Og cousco, wo had a fou problons. Soco of tho
Vietnamoco fazporo had noves ovon ocen comont before and
they didn't understand why they should havo cosont-floorod
pig sty and compost-pit hon for conturios they had novod
the pig vaste out on the ground. Some of the farmers noved
thoir cots into the compost-pit area of the pig sty; coce
of thon put tho pico in their house and moved their family
into the pic oty. After all, it was better than thoir
dirt-floorod house. Some of the farmoro put, tiled roofs
on the pic with curlos uoo of an ancient Chinese temple.
They become the now clotho oymbol in the village; uo novos
could understand why they made then co olabozote.
"Shon, of couroo, tho moot profitable time to coll
the pic io thon ho'o about ono-yoar old," he continuod.
"But the Vietnamese lot the pic got fattor and fatter and
coll his only thon thoy nood the money. She uno the piccy
as a living bank,"
to explained that at Sirot the richer village
facilios got the pico, or tho friondo of the local Vietnamese
government agricultural techniciano; nou-three years and
40,000 pago lator-"the theo nhiou pis hoo cooped into all
lovolo of the villago strata.
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Googo
Dorios-articlo 7 of 7 articlo cosios
Dago 3
@bo neighbors buy little pigo from the first family to
have them. In ono northern city, two years ago you wouldn't
000 one improved pic a doy cone through the cloughton house
now about one-third of a day's production to the improved.
brood."
Bo explained that the Viot Cong political cadro
attempt to sabotage the progron by tolling the farmor that
it is a "givoauny program" rather than a loan, oo that tho
Saroor will not also tho repayment to tho govornont. So
far, tho zato of zopayment has been low, but in most of the
casco the 10-conth dondline for popoyoont boonot boon roachod,
"the pic program docon't make the famor pro-
government or pro-Viet Cong," the technician omplained. "Dut
it 0000 0x0000 hin to government cadre, to the government
administration and to an American voterinarian. Maybe this
to the first time in the farmor's life that the government
has dono conothing to holp hin. So gradually, it croatos
a bottos fooling for the government.
*The Viot Cong do not aboal the pigo and we have
lost vozy fou of our pig hanleto to tho Viot Cong."
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doogo
cos100-article 7 of 7 articlo costéo
page 4
In addition to the pig program, Vietnamese
agricultural technicians, acciated by Americano, have
also started programs for botter duolto, chickons, cattlo,
and a vidor distribution of vator buffaloos viich are wood
to pull the foscor's plow. Other technicians have established
omporimontal stations for improving rico cood (which sono
Vietnamoso profor to cat rather than uno for nooding)
Bocently, Vietnamoso agricultural agente conducted
throo-day cources on improved farming techniques for fozmore
during the clock coaconos tuonty plactres (thirty conto)
was given the former for lunchoo "and that really had on
impact, ono American agricultural oport explainod. "It
vas part of our pacification prograns but the Viot Cons
ovon volcomod the agonto into their areas to help their
fozporo."
In othor another instance, Viotman000 government
administratoro have implemented a credit-loan ayatom
whoreby farmors can buy fortilizor before the rice planting,
but sopay the loan after harvest. Production had more than
doubled in so00 2000; in other arono scall isxication
pumps have boon bought on loan which allows two or throo
orope of pico a year instead of only one.
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Goope
corico-article 7 of 7 article oorloo
Dace 5
The Viet Cong rotort that the Sortilicon will
doctroy the coll; that in the first year of using forbilison,
production will increase but in futuro yoard it will drops
that the government will double the price when it conos
to paying the loan or that the goverment will make the
formoso dependent on the fortiliser year after several
youre and then clywoekot the prico.
*20 the poos Viotnacoco formos, who has alot of
superstitution and no Imoulodge of ehonical ingrediente,
ho's in the darts, on Amoricon technician onid. "The Viet
Cong play on the farmos's poot locks of faith in the
Covosnmont."
Anorican-otpported rural economic aid is coattored
in the cocuro "oil spots" in coch of Vietnam's 40 provinces,
which at ticos undoscute the impact that it has had nation-
vido. Tho Communiot-initiated var has produced an oconomie
dotorioration and social upheaval in the countryoido no
young famose are drafted instead of planting rice, ao
largo tracts of land aro abandoned boonuso of Viet Cong
prosouse, vbon othop longe tracto, now uncultivated, could
be dovoloped into oncollont farning land. Doopito this,
the standard of living hoo inproved during the past con
yoare; ten years ago a bicycle vao "a status oyabol;
now motorocooters, Chroo-hoolod lopbrottas, bicycloc and
bucoop aro secularly soon in the countryside.
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Coopo
corios-article 7 of 7 article series
paco G
(A Vietnamooo Soctory producco locally bicycles and puts
a USAID emblon on thom an a status oymbol).
Cho nation-wide statistics on education are alco
inproccivo. In 1955, 329,000 pupilo attended elementary
public school; in 1964 tho numboz hod increased to 1.5 million
studonto. In 1964 alono, 900 now rural schoolo voro built
cod 1000 clocontary education toochoss vese trainoda
total of 4,600 rural pohoolo voro built in the docode.
In 1955, those wore 2,900 univercity studento in viot man;
by 1964, tho nunbor had increased to 20,000 with a now
university ootablished in tho northorn provinces. Howe
eban 2500 Vietnamese otudonto and technicians have been cont
to Acorica through USAID programs for advanced degroos.
Bowever, the current population growth in 2.0
por cont yourly.
In the rural health 2iold, Viotannose villageso
often find it difficult to understand what bao boon prevented-
ouch ao cholera opidonion or malaria eradication. During
the past of yoare, however, the Anorican-backed 812 million
malaria eradication program, part of a world-wide offort,
has dropped Immoun salaria cacos from 7.22 00000 per 1000
to loco than ono por cont.
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Googe
co2100-article 7 of 7 actiolo cortoc
DOCO ?
noso than one million Viotnococo farm honos have
boon oprayed tuico year; poro than six million persons had
boon directly affected by the opraying. She Viet Cong
propagandists told the villagore that tho apray would cauco
thoir thatched roofs to arumble; or would kill those cate
and chictions.
sho Viet Cong ony the fancora don't have enough
cato to oat all the mato," one American codical export
cxplained, "and the rato oat sico. Shey use this argument
vbon there's a poor crop rico and a good crop of sato--and
it's vosy offootivo with the poncanto."
The malaria zato has dropped to the extent that
nodical asporto simply boop tabo on it by collecting blood
samploo.
echo Viet Cong spread the word that Cho Amorlcano
voro collecting Vietnamese blood to give to the wounded
Anoricano," the modical osport continued.
"This ovon
happened on the outolieto of Saigon. Ono American educational
lootusor started to give a lecture on the taking of those
blood samples for malaria control; suddenly all the manan
and little ride started throwing socle at bin.
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dobpo
sories--artiolo 7 of 7 article corios
Page 3
The police had to escort hin out-all booouco of that
outlandish Viet Cong propaganda. But Vietnamoso people
don't like to give blood; they ao ouporstitious about
that and it's vary strange to thon."
More than 8000 rural health workers are currently
operating in the Vietnaneco countryside ; nine gloaning
white aurgical quitos, cooting 6500,000 oach, have boon
octablished throughout the country and are staffed by
Americano, Filipinoo, Nov Sealandoro, Australians,
and Italiano.
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Date
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1965, May 19
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Subject
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Vietnam War, 1961-1975; Strategy; Land reform; Villages--Vietnam; USAID/Vietnam; Agricultural assistance; Economic assistance
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Location
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Saigon, South Vietnam
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Coordinates
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10.8231; 106.6311
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Size
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20 x 26 cm
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Container
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B5, F8
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Format
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dispatches
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Collection Number
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MS 363
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Collection Title
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Beverly Deepe Keever, Journalism Papers
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Creator
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Keever, Beverly Deepe
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Collector
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Keever, Beverly Deepe
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Copyright Information
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These images are for educational use only. To inquire about usage or publication, please contact Archives & Special Collections.
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Publisher
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Archives & Special Collections, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries
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Language
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English
