Marines' Great Effort: Securing Da Nang

Item

derivative filename/jpeg

363-04728.pdf

Digital Object Identifier

363-04728

Title

Marines' Great Effort: Securing Da Nang

Description

Article published in the New York Herald Tribune about securing the area around Đà Nẵng Air Base and the difficulties the Marine Corps faced due to guerilla warfare

Date

1966, Jan. 10

Subject

Đà Nẵng (Vietnam); Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Naval operations, American; Mặt trận dân tộc giải phóng miền nam Việt Nam; United States. Marine Corps; Guerrilla warfare; Security systems

Location

Đà Nẵng, South Vietnam

Coordinates

16.0438; 108.1997

Container

B4, F6

Format

newspaper clippings

Collection Number

MS 363

Collection Title

Beverly Deepe Keever, Journalism Papers

Creator

Keever, Beverly Deepe

Copyright Information

These images are for educational use only. To inquire about usage or publication, please contact Archives & Special Collections.

Publisher

Archives & Special Collections, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries

Language

English

extracted text

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New Yorlc lrttaltr m.'ribune

Wednesday, J«H1f«t41J It, 1966
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Marines' Great Effort: Securing Da Nang
By Beverly Deepe
A Special Correspondent
DA NANG, South Viet Nam.

L:ist fall, the battle cry of
the U. S. Marines here was:
''We'll be in Hot An by New
Year's Day 1956." Today,
they estimate it will be New
Y1.,ar's 1968.
Hoi An is a provincial capital, only 15 1nlles south of
the strategic air base of Da.
Nang. The c'ha.uge in the Marines' mood· ill115trates the
changing role of American
troops in Viet Nam - and
some of their problems.
"We could easily have
fought our way to Hoi An,"
one Marine said recently.
"But then, we would have had
to fight our way bac.;:. 'l'he esSt' 11tial problem of thie war
1s r.c-t moving your front lines
torward. It is keep!r.g your
rear covered."
'.lhe key to the proble.n lies
in getting and keeping the ,
support of the rural population. Without it, most author! ties believe the war coulii go
on for years.
So it was decided to halt the
Marines' advance until the
Vietnamese could win over the
local population. The decision
brought dissent from within
Marine Corps ranks and
sneers from ,Army colonels,
who claimed "the Marines are
•a fraid to go out and find the
Viet Cong." But gradually, the
Marine effort outside Da Nang,
under the direction of Marine
commander Maj. Gen. Lewis
Walt, began to dovetall with
the work of the Vietnamese
government.

3D DL'IENSION
"In a conventional war,
progress is measured by an
advancing front line," one
official explained. "But in this
war our outlying positions are
constant. Progress must be
measured in the third dimen.sion. We must go down into
the population to dig out the
Viet Cong infrastructure and
then rebuild the local antiCommunist government."
The result of this co-ordited effort wa t e
v
M'oWltafn VlJiages Campaign
less than 10 mfles southwest
of Da Nang and 15 mlles from
Hot An. rt is the principal curren t pacification program and
a pilot case for the future.
"If this plan doesn"t succeed llere, it's· n ot going to
sucql!ecl: anywhere else in the
c0Ut1try.'' • .an · '-official said.
"We'll really be in serious
trouble then."
The ·project already has run
-~nt'o some serious trouble.
The flVe villages .of the
cal11paign are subdivided into
19' hamlets, covering a 20square-kilometer area, In the
complex dwell 42,000 people.
of whom about 7 per cent
are believed to be related t o
Viet Cong. S1mggled among
lush rice paddies, the v1llages
are surrounded lby the five
peaks of mountail1s containing gray and salmon-colored
marble. "These marble mountains would make a great
tourist attraction, but you 'd
be killed going out there,"
one Marine said.
,
The pacificat ion campaign
has three components : U. S .
Mar ines are assigned to secure the outer limits of the
e.rea, paitrolling to prevent
the inva i n ~ Communist

units: Vietnamese paramllitary troops maintain security
in 'the villages; Vietnamese civilian teams distribute goods,
wage psychological warfare,
take censuses, and attempt to
undo the Viet Cong's existing
political devices and to bring
the v!llagers to the gov.ernment's side.
"The role of the U. S. Marines is like an egg," an official said. "Our front lines,
on the rim of the area, are
the shell-but like a shell, the
lines can be broken. The vital
installation-the Da Nang airbase-is the 'yolk, and we also
defend that, The white is the
countryside, which we are trymg to pacify and i,olidify."
On Oct. 18, the Vietnamese
forces began their effort,
using one headquarters company and four understrength
line companies of the 59th
Regional Forces Battalion. A
civilian cadre of 327 persons
was moved in from provincial
headquarters. The Vietnames·e commander put them
through a two-week retraining course. They were Joined
by five Vietnamese People's
Acti011 Teams (PATsl, of 10
persons each, who were responsible for census taking
and other activities.
To each village, the Vietnamese commander sent one

This is the last article in a [our-part
series on the Viet Na1n war·q,p])mising its
progress thus far and its prospects.

Regional Forces company and
one People's Action Team. In
each of the 1-9 hamlets, he put
a civilian cadre team.'
"During the third week of
the campaign, a 50-man Viet
Cong platoon broke through
the Marine blocking position.
They were in our area shooting things up. They hit us
ihard,'' an official related. 1
"Five Regional Force troopers and sever.al cadremen were
killed. Each of our armed
companies was understrength,
so we had 16-man platoons
where we should have had 35·
men. Fighting against 50 Viet
Cong, •of course, we lose
against those odds.
"Until that we were just
beginning to get the confidence of the people-but after
that, the people clammed up
and wouldn't tell us anything.
And it also hurt the morale of
our cadre. One whole 11-man
team took off-but the district
chief talked them into coming
back,'' the official went .on.
"Th en, four nights later,
1

the same Viet Cong platoon
hit us again. They s!lpped in
between two Marine patrols,
attacked the Regional Force
headquarters unit of 17 men,
killed several civilian cadr~
and kidnaped two women
working with a drama unit.
We haven't seen the women
since. One of the American
Marines saw action from 50
yards away-\)ut he couldn't
open up with ihis machine gun
-he would have killed more
friendlies than enemies.
"Of course, the Marines
can't stop all small-unit infil•
tration, It would take Marines
shoulder-to-shoulder to do
that. And once you. had that,
the Viet Cong would mortar
them from across the river,
which they've already started
doing,'' he said,
Since ,t he late November
action, the Vietnamese and the
Marines have slighty reinforced · the area. Now the
Marines are not only holding
the outer petimeter by extensive :i,atrolling, they also are
responsible for the securing of
the civilian cadre in 11 of the
19 hamlets. Vietnamese troops
defend the remaining eight.

TRY AGAJN
By mid-December, "we
s_tarted pacifying again and
things were moving slow, but
good," the official said, "The
people began giving us good
intelligence and were turning
in some Viet Cong. For the
:first time, on a Sunday afternoon, families from Da Nang
would come to the villages to
visit their relatives. More than
100 families moved back into
the · area-but none of the
people were of draft age."
On one night in late Decemlber, however, the Viet Cong
aunched four harassing atcks. They hit the central
ommand post with mortars
nd struck another People's
ction Team, killing several.
Gradually, the cadre force
fell from 331 to 304. Besides
attrition, there were substantial problems with the cadre
becau8e of inade uate training

and the fact thal they were generation, and n o one hac
not n atives o! thf villages in begun to find an aNWer ta
that problem."
which they were vorking.
Before the Marines res.eh
The PATs---.equlpped, paid,
and trained for political ac- Ho! An- with their backs protivity and intelligmce work by tected- BO square kilometers of
an arm of the U. S . Central land must be pacified. At that,
Intelligence Agency-had their the Marine estimate o! New
own troubles. They were bet- Year's Day, 1968, is not far
ter armed than the Vietnamese away.
troops, and the local com
mander wanted to use them
for military secunity. They refused. One team defected and
another had to be transferred
because of local conflicts.
"The biggest headache is
that we can't move our Vietnamese troo_ps and cadre out
of this 20-square-kllometer
co!Jection of hamlets until we
w,,ve villagers here who can
defend the area,'' the official
said. "There's not one youn
man here between the ages o
.10 and 38 whom we can re
ci:uit. We've l01>t, the middle


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