America's Frozen Policy- Vital Political Power Unused

Item

Title

America's Frozen Policy- Vital Political Power Unused

Description

Article published in the New York Herald Tribune about criticisms of the US's actions and policy during the Vietnam War, page 2

Is Format Of

363-04786.pdf

Identifier

363-04786

Date

1965, May 31

Subject

United States--Relations--Vietnam (Republic); United States--Economic assistance--Vietnam (Republic); Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Campaigns, American; Public opinion; Tactics; Strategy

Location

Saigon, South Vietnam

Coordinates

10.8231; 106.6311

Is Part Of

B4, F6

Format

newspaper clippings

Is Required By

MS 363

Collection

Beverly Deepe Keever, Journalism Papers

Creator

Keever, Beverly Deepe

Rights

These images are for educational use only. To inquire about usage or publication, please contact Archives & Special Collections.

Publisher

Archives & Special Collections, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries

Language

English

extracted text

America's Frozen Policy- ·tul Political Power Unused
The dramatic mi:litnry nct i011s token hy
the United States and Vietnamese a,_qainst the
Communists in South Viet Nani ha1•e 110
grand political co-unterpart. As a result, U. S.
strategy is snn solely (LS anti-Co111111uliist
rather than pro-something. As one Western
rnilitary expert put it: "Nothina ne_qaU;;e hrrn
ever prevailed over somrthi ng pos-i'.t-i.ve."
The Herald Tribu ne's Beverly Dnµe r.r plai11.~
these fn.ilures of U. S. pr,hcymakers in the
second o.f a 3i:i:-part serie& on Vfrl Na,m.
r!Of>M!i>l...tMJ.Wt.t!iW!N.O#J)I %..~

By Beverly Deepe
.A. Special Correspondent

SAIGON .
Unlted States policy 1n South Viet Nam Is frozen In
a necative PO!lture that concentrates on mlllta.ry victory
while falllni' to produce the sort o! dramatk politic~!
atrate&"Y that would make &uch victory possible.
Thia, at least, 1s the opinion o! hiihly placed sources
In Saicon who have watched the American involvement
here rrow steadily tor more than a decade .
In their view, the U . S. attitude is ~ssentlally an tlCcmmw1ut rather than pro-something. The ovenvhelm!ng
lmpreNion 111 t hat the American policymakers are atiemptlnr "to item the tide of Communhlt 11.nresslon" or "to
teach Ha.no! & lesson ." But thls implies a political statu.~
quo In a country that is changtnr in It~ past-colon 1al
development, and Is, Indeed, tightlng tor change.
"Nothing negative has ever prevailed over something
positive," the Western military expert commented . "One
of the most frequently asked questions by VietnamrsP
captains a.nd maJora on the battlefront is 'What are we
ft1rhtln, tor?' M they look at the poUtical tmmoil in their
· rear area at Salion."

'HOLLOW WORDS'
While some Americana In Sa.ii'On pay lip service to
the principles ot freedom and . democracy, these are . as
one American ronrnment emplone noted, "hollow words
that mean little In A!la ."
·
A Western diplomat arruu that the Western concep!..!I

~! democracy and freedom have never been 1impll11ed and

codifi ed a.s have the Communi ~t ideology. There are no
Am~rican pi iir,ers for democracy as there are Commur\ist
primr r~ for revolution.
:'
"Ont ca!lnot undn., tan d these .>.merican pri nciples
unless he ha.s reaped the bc1wfits nf t!1,, m. or seen ~h(!m •
fir n hand," the dip lomat exµl a i1,ed. HPnce , he said, t{le
principles in which Americans bel ieve must be tra nslated,
dPm ,mst:·a lcrl and 1•isual ized for lhe Virlnamcse-by U,e
Vietnnmf"oe governmcnt.--and this !la,: vrt to be done . ',
T '1e main poli tical problem during the past dec& de
1>rem~ 1.0 i1ave been to realize there is a political proble'lll
--and to aet positively.
T i,e Am,' rican polic ymakP;-s, howeve r, view i;he batUe
in Viet Nam a~ principully, if not solely, a mi:itary opera ·
t.1011 2gain~t armed Co mm :., nlst guerrillas. They are ope'!·,
atlng <trnmat1cRlly on one front while the Communists at"
opera r.ln1s on six fronts-political , econo mic . social, cttl·
t ural. psycho logical and military, a l: integrated into on,.
p011·ufu! Gtrcarn of warfare.
"Suppo~e yo,i lose your billfl>ld in a dark pJac;,"
one Vielnamcse pro\'incial offi cia l explained. "But y~u
insist on !nuk ing for it wh ere th r re is light because It l.1<
eas!Pr . Well, you are now looking for the Communists in
the light place--the military fl el d---but. you never, neVtt
!lnd the:n all- t.hey a re also where you refuse to look'.,."

·ECONOMIC AID'

tii~

During the pa st decad e, $1.1 b!llion was spent on
Military Assistance Program for weapons. tan':s
a nd amm un ition for t.he Vietnamese armed forces. In addition. $2 .l billion was spent, in ' id NRm from Americ~"'l
economic ale! funds . But 75 per cent or t he economic a!d
was f or the pu r ::iose of payin g expensrs or the national
army throug·h the commercial lmpart program.
These fl1rnres excl ude the salaries of Am erican strvk ome n and government officials. , and all the ir opr rntmg
costs. as wcli as 1s asolir.c. parts and ammunition /o r
Am erican urn t ~
The re ls also the fact, 1hai th e Vietnames" nation ::-:
a rm y was built to counter ,i conve1,I Iona! Jn vasio n instead
of a guerrilla wa r. Once •the "slow-morion inv a:;ion" began
e. year ago. the a rmy \1· as slow in reacting .
Th ere is l'O grand. d ram at ic political ~trate,:y for
winning the political war lil South Viet Nam comparable
to the dramatic military actions .
The bom biu,: raids on North Viet Nam ha ve not 11nd.
cannot win the Political war within the South . But without
them the war could never have been won- or contained
--because of the sustai m•d influx of North Vietnamese
troop~. wrapons. and the much more signi ficant po1!1tcal
leadership cad re . If tile raids have not won tl1e war,
U. S

however, they have in effect won time-they have provided
the time to act politically.
Sources In Saigon now hope for a dynam ic poli \.i cal
m a neuver to reverse the adverse polit ical tide . They feel
the military operations then would not be considered an
t>nd · in themselves, as is now the ca se. but the mPans
<to an end-an honest. efflci~nt governmen t. a land reform
program fo r the peasants, a smashing medical -educational
prog ram that would li ft the nation C'conomkally and
politically into the 20th century .
These sources argue that the elaborate and effective
mllltary battle pla11s have in effect given the nation tirnr
to formulate and implement a m ass i1•c blueprint for the
political-cconomic:-rncial developmenc of Vii'l N<1m . Tn ~tf'ad of Viet Nam being simply a rnilit.ar.v b:ctttlegronnd. ll
could also become s polit ical showplacP tl1PY maintain.
"But we lack any political ima i, \nation .·• or.e ~·oungAmerlcan governme nt emplovce sn id . "We are fighting
against revolution. How can we expPcl to win'' It's like
advocating the murrlrr of mother •·
One Western ambassador says as a1, ,:xample that it
was "politkally inJ.clmissible " that 200 .000 rdugees in
tLe central part of the countrY---1•ic\1ms of a n a ulu :nn
flood , Communist terror and friendly bombing raid 'i--were ·not made a symbol of non-Communist revolmio n
by the Vietnamese governme nt. "They are gi ven charit y
rife and propaganda lectures." he said. ''Thr-y ~bould br
p t in factories and apartment houses lo show the world
·, ,the benefits of fieei1,g t he Communist side . Some anti. Communist refugees are no t giH n help by lhc ~01•p rn. i men t. and return to Viet Cong areas."
Another source cri ticized the Ameri can officialf for
not forc ing the Diem r egime years ago to establish "centers
' ot prosperity" in which the Vietn am ese people an d . the
outside world could see the results of 1he American
presence .

'"i()(j LD INTJlOlHiCE T\'
A high-ranking Western offlcial sug~e.sts that, t elevis ion should have been widely i nt.rodu cPr:i in \' ic t. N;un

to relay government propaganda t o the vll!a lo(CS. to educate
the children and to show adult fi lms on be tter farmrng
methods.
More t han three years ago , p:·lvat.e Japanese comp 11 nies made such proposals for this. and _ the Ja_p anP, r
gove rnment has tentatively ofl errd tech nical assistance
and funds . A television .,tation woul d ro, t. $5 00 .000 .
But successive Vietnamese ;;o,·ernments have post J><,n ed a decision on t.his project and Amrrican auth ori ti r~ appear cool to the lde:i. Econom ic planners are mor~
!n,eresied In Japan's cont.rlbut1011 to a $9 m1lllon bndg e for
the Mekong River .

The U.S . has political power ln Viet Nam, but chooses
not to use it . Yet a t, this tlme the Saigon regime is too
weak to act wlth poli tical dynamism and effectlveness.
"We have the power to take names and to punish,"
one American explained . ''But we don't do it. We are still
timorous about interfering in a n<itlon 's internal affairs ."
A W!'stem ambassador ag-reed. "The first basic fault
In the system," he ~aid. "is you are too respectful or Viet
Nam -,se independence . ., o yo11 do nnt interfere in makingdecisions on great i,sues-and ln my opinion· you shouldwhile instead you are very particular, you pester them on
sm<lll things nf almost no importance. This rreate5 the
wrong impression and does not get the results . Your instructions shoul d bP mor e articula te but fe wer. "
_American i;:enerals, colonels and ca ptai ns P dmit they
do not talk politics with thdr Vietnamese mili tary conntf'f pa rt.,; and n o _other Amerlcan a;2e ncv has hPen given
t Ile responsibility of cemrnting all the fighting Vietn amese
political factions together.
This is m contrast. t'1 th e Vif't Con!! and t.li e Communist ap;)ara tu- -a guerrilla ls first and foremo~ t a political
r~dre, and aft.er that a soldier. The Commu nist r0 1H1cal
ca dre--prrhaps ,.,ith onb· the rank of sern ea nt-r!ecid es
what villages will be attacked and the military commander,
with a rank of major, follows hls orders.

C.O:\l'.Vl'VNISM FIRST
Thi" Vif't C 0n g millt :t'.·y apparatus is n! a secondary,
s11pportmg 11ac111 e to the Communist pol!tical. m ac !1ine.
Henc-e American effo rts to · defeat thf' guerillas ~t1'l !l a ve
1,ot def Pa ed th polit:cal subvrsive. Americ an advisers in
the pro·,·inres adm ,t tl-iat even when the Communist
,.'uerrillas arc defraLed r.1ilitarily, the Communist political
cPll system in the village L, r arel y destroyed.
The appearance of nPW French fac es on the main
street of Sai;ron. t hr a rriv al of increasin g num ber of
pro -neutral ist Virtna mesc fr 1m Pa ns. and the re leRse o!
tho us and s of pro-nPuti alist a11d pro- Commu nist \"ietnam cse from prison vn th in ~hr last 18 months 1:, more important in t he s a bvnsive field than th G in troduction , of
American combal Ma r ines and paratroopers is in the
r nunter-AUf'!Tllla m1li tH,' 1it'ld.
·w1t.11 t.hr 2mount of money you are ~p,.nding· Ill the
military field." one Vietnamese ma.i or sa id. "you could
b1 ;y all tile la1~d from the landowners and glve it to the
peasa!1tS. You C'lUld pave Viet Nam with QO!d .,
A 155-mm . Jio·~·\tzer shell costs $70: a !JOO-pound
.:eneral purpose bomh rosts $180-?.nd tons of the:n are
expe nded da ilv and ni:;:htly in Viet Nam.

T om orrow: Corrupt ion in Sout h Viet Nam .


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