Article about helicopters in the Vietnam War

Item

derivative filename/jpeg

363-05482 to 363-05490.pdf

Digital Object Identifier

363-05482 to 363-05490

Title

Article about helicopters in the Vietnam War

Description

Original title: "helicopter", article about the importance of helicopters in the Vietnam Warfare, published by the New York Herald Tribune

AI Usage Disclosure

Draft transcripts were automatically generated via Google Document AI and are currently under review. Please report significant errors to Archives & Special Collections at archives@unl.edu.

Transcript

deepe helicopter--1 RELEASE: DEC. 11, 1964 HC SAIGON--Three years ago today the first American helicopters arrived in Viet Nam. The event was historic; they were to become the first helicopters in any war to be used in combat-assault missions. The [deletion: first] 42 H-21 “banana boats” [insertion: which] surprised the sophisticated Saigonese by their capability to fly have [deletion: seen] since been seen in the smallest hamlets and outposts in the country. The American pilots who upon their arrival were told to wear sport shirts and slacks to “look like American tourists” have since become a legend. “The USS Core pulled up the river and stopped in front of the Majestic Hotel at the base of the main street in Saigon,” recalled Lt. Col. [XXXX indicating deletion] Robert Dillard, who flew the first helicopter [insertion: number “049”] off the aircraft carrier. “The streets around the ship were [deletion: blocked] roped off but thousands of people were backed up for blocks. They had never seen helicopters like ours before and they didn’t think they would fly. But when the choppers did fly, they all applauded like mad.” deepe helicopter--2 “We were told to fly from the carrier about two miles til we saw a water tower and land there,” Dillard recalled. But we didn’t know if once we got there we would find anyone who spoke English and then we still didn’t know if we were in the right place.” Lt. Col. Dillard, now on his second tour in Viet Nam as commander of a fixed wing aircraft battalion, was three years ago commander of the 57th Helicopter Company, now numbered the 120th, but still known as “the Deans.” “Several weeks after arriving, we had our first large combat mission,” Dillard recalled this week. “It was a special sensation. We thought it would be easy to follow the red and blue lines on the map. But then we learned that what we thought were roads were actually canals. Soon we learned to navigate by canal instead of road. Nobody ever did get lost. Not long after that we had our first sad occasion,” he continued. “We lost our first aircraft on a mission. We never did find out if it was shot down or what. When you fly a helicopter, it hurts to see one destroyed.” Almost 2 ½ years later--June 27, 1964--Dillard again flew “049”--for the last time--in a simple ceremony in which all the famed “banana boats” were retired from Viet Nam and replaced by the swank turbojet UH-1’s (“Hueys”), shaped like huge metallic dragonflies. (More) deepe helicopter--3 The rugged increase in the intensity and pace of the war against Communist guerrillas is indexed by the increase in the number and calibre of helicopters. [XXXX indicating deletion] The first [insertion: two] H-21 companies were soon to be accompanied by three more plus a Marine helicopter squadron. Later the [deletion: H-21’s] five [XXXX indicating deletion] companies [XXXX indicating deletion] of the slow-moving, highly vulnerable H-21’s were replaced by [deletion: the] turbo-jet Hueys and four more Huey companies were added for a total of nine. One-third of the Hueys are [insertion: now] armed with lethal rockets and .30 calibre machine guns. During the past three years, the anti-Communist struggle here has increasingly been identified as “a helicopter war.” [deletion: During the] [insertion: In] The three years, helicopters have carried more than one million passengers and [deletion: more] 40,000 tons of cargo. Of the 22,000 American military personnel [insertion: now] in Viet Nam, [XXXX indicating deletion] nearly 7000 belong to helicopter units. Yet [XXXX indicating deletion] this one-third of the personnel have sustained more than ___ per cent of the battle casualties. “The helicopter has made the difference between holding our own in the war and failure,” one high-ranking helicopter pilot explained. “The Vietnamese keep asking for more and more helicopter support and we’ve now increased helicopter effectiveness 100 percent. The helicopter in a counterinsurgency provides mobility for ground forces they can never achieve in this terrain. When the Viet Cong (Communist guerrillas) hit a town, by the time government troops move on the ground, the enemy is gone. The helicopter can move ten times as fast. deepe helicopter--4 In addition when the government was road-bound, the Viet Cong took advantage of this by ambushing the routes,” he explained. “You remember entire French units were wiped out during the French Indo-China War by ambushes in the mountains.” Besides cutting down the chief advantage of the Communist guerrilla--his mobility--helicopters have brought under government control areas totally inaccessible by any other means. They are used to transport province chiefs throughout his villages; to supply isolated outposts with food and pay. A visit to the helicopter units throughout the country produces a collection of stories--some fantastic, some funny, some sad; most of them displaying as one infantryman explained, “The day-in day-out courage of these pilots. The things they are willing to do is incredible. I’ve seen the medical evacuation choppers fly at night 120 miles from Saigon to Camau to pick up the wounded--and when they couldn’t get them all, they came back for the others.” One American division advisor explained, “These helicopters are flying stagecoaches. They taken in the pay; sell stamps and money orders; cash paychecks and are a small department store. On the circuit last week, we had only one carton of cigarettes and four boxes of razor blades left. They’ve carried around the Thanksgiving turkeys, birthday cakes and mattress bags of toys to isolated outposts at Christmas time. (More) deepe helicopter--5 A Marine pilot of one of the “Flying Wells Fargos” happily recalled “the day a duck got stuck in the radio; we couldn’t get the quacks out for a week.” His buddy, a Marine major, complained, “I don’t like that white flour. One of the bags always breaks open. When the rotar blades pick it up, it looks like a white tornado.” Another chimed in with the inevitable--that “stinking nuoc mam,” the fermented fish sauce the Vietnamese eat with every meal. The potent mixture is so atomic the chopper crew chief flies along with his head out the door and has to scrub down the ship after each flight. (Air Viet Nam--popularly called “Air Nuoc Mam,” the country’s commercial airline, refuses to carry the little white squat pots of the sauce on their flights. It explodes at high altitude.) Then the reminisces began. One pilot laughed, “You remember the day we had the airborne cow. We were carrying livestock down Shotgun Alley (a miniature Grand Canyon one-mile long with no exit so the Viet Cong can shoot down rather than up at the choppers.) The crew chief started to control the cow but it ran out the door, turning five somersaults in the air. We hadn’t issued it a parachute,” he laughed. “And there was the day the crew chief shoved that American colonel out the door with the Vietnamese troops,” he recalled. One medical evacuation pilot recalled evacuating an outpost while the Viet Cong were moving in only 15 minutes away. deepe helicopter--6 “Every Vietnamese in the post was climbing into our ships… they were on the skids and the dash and the controls. At final count we had 28 (ordinarily carry only nine)--and one of those was a woman in labor. I don’t know what I’d have done if she’d have started giving birth,” he explained. “But then one more wouldn’t have made any difference.” He said the morale in some of the isolated outposts was so low that the peasants and paramilitary units knocked down the American crew chief and rushed on board. Some have to be ordered off at gunpoint. One time, an elderly Vietnamese man grabbed the tire of an airborne helicopter and flew along outside the aircraft. The landing of the choppers in isolated outposts and strategic hamlets causes a stir something similar to the Second Coming…the town turns out to watch the “men with the long noses” and to inspect the helicopters. “One chopper pilot made the mistake of handing out candy to the kids,” a ground advisor laughed. “He had kids under him and over him and around him. If he’d have fallen down, they’d have smothered him.” Upon their arrival, crews of the American choppers expressed surprise at what they were being attacked with. Several water buffaloes and one elephant charged the helicopters in mountainous landing zones. One ship was hit by a four-inch bolt fired from a grenade launcher. (More) deepe helicopter--7 During the first year, Lt. Arthur A. Williams of Ft. Bragg, North Carolina, maintained for months he was being fired at by spears and bamboo arrows of the primitive mountain tribesmen. “Go have a couple of drinks,” he was consistently told. “Pretty soon they’ll be throwing elephants at you.” But weeks later his suspicions were confirmed. A 15-inch bamboo arrow was lodged in the fuselage of a helicopter returning from a mission in the mountains. “We’ve had everything but the kitchen sink thrown at us,” one pilot explained two years ago. But today, the crude homemade Viet Cong weapons have given way to lethal .50 calibre and .57 recoiless rifle gunfire which makes helicopter missions perilous. One crew chief, swearing he was sober, reported seeing a pink elephant. His marine cohorts laughed and the company cartoonest drew a curly-eyelashed Dumbo saying: My coordinates are: YT 345. Color me pink. (Actually the elephant had wallowed in the red mountain clay). Then there was the second lieutenant on his first mission who came back nervously [deletion: swear] sweating after being shot at. “Don’t worry about it,” he was told. “You have only 11 more months to go.” The pilots have a language all their own. Seldom are the [deletion: worlds] words “yes” or “no” used. “Roggg” or “that’s affirmative” or “negative” are used by them all, each pronounced with the slowness of a sleepy Southerner. deepe helicopter--8 In their phonetic language over static-ridden radios, Viet Cong become Victor Charlie; B-26 fighters become “Bravos.” But the most frequent expression is “Sorry about that,” generally used when one is least sorry. Another favorite is “Ho Chi Minh is a fink” or “V. C. Go Home.” The American pilots tell their Vietnamese observers “Today we go fly to Hanoi.” They give their cooks special English lessons, for example, the 121st Helicopter Company in [XXXX indicating deletion] the Mekong delta has a small-framed chef named Duke, who always wears a New Years Eve hat. “Duke, you No. 1 V. C.?” he was asked. He replied in the only English he knew, “Me No. 10 V. C.; No. 1 fink.” The responsibility for each helicopter rests in the hands of the crew chief and he lavishes his attention on it, scrubbing it down and christening it such names as “The Green Speckled Bird” or “The Boneyard Special.” [XXXX indicating deletion] During one mission, the rotor blades of Helicopter 2085, nicknamed “the Great Ghost,” were pierced by 12-foot high poles which Viet Cong had placed in the elephant grass in the landing zone. The crew chief calmly hopped out of the downed chopper and under Viet Cong fire mended the holes with green masking tape. And many a downed helicopter in battle zones [deletion: have] has been repaired with “peanut butter,” a sealing compound, and then quickly [XXXX indicating deletion] [deletion: limped] flown out of the area. deepe helicopter--9 Of the more than 200 Americans killed in battle during the past three years, a high proportion have been “chopper boys.” In the northern seacoast city of Qui Nhon, the field is named after the crew chief who never returned; the heavily Communist-infested Mekong Delta provinces have been called “the graveyard of choppers” and their [XXXX indicating deletion] charred skeletons are still visible in the rice paddies and treelines where hard battles took their toll. Rarely do the “chopper boys” recall these “grim” stories. “There’s no shortage of courage among chopper boys,” one American ground advisor muttered. They seem to expect little thanks for their missions. The words of one company song goes: History will buy violents, For dead chopper pilots…

Date

1964, Dec. 11

Subject

Military helicopters; Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Aerial operations, United States; Tactics; Strategy

Location

Saigon, South Vietnam

Coordinates

10.8231; 106.6311

Size

20 x 26 cm

Container

B187, F1

Format

dispatches

Collection Number

MS 363

Collection Title

Beverly Deepe Keever, Journalism Papers

Creator

Keever, Beverly Deepe

Copyright Information

These images are for educational use only. To inquire about usage or publication, please contact Archives & Special Collections.

Publisher

Archives & Special Collections, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries

Language

English